🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia
Arabic coffee, qahwa, with cardamom is poured by the host in tiny cups, starting with the eldest guest, and refilled until the guest shakes the cup. Dates are offered with it.
Read: Arabic coffeeHospitality and welcome
Guests are treated as a blessing in most of the world, and many cultures have elaborate rules for welcoming them.
Presented by ClearTrust Free for the curious, the homesick and the hosts.
Guests are treated as a blessing in most of the world, and many cultures have elaborate rules for welcoming them. A cup of coffee in Arabia, tea in Central Asia, bread and salt in Russia, a lei in Hawaii, a kava bowl in Fiji, an extra place at the table in Greece: these are small acts with deep roots. Hospitality is a duty in faith and in law in many societies, and a way of showing a household's honour. The customs describe who enters first, what is offered, how often it is refused and accepted, and how a guest should leave. Here is how welcome is given around the world.
What it is for
Hospitality began as survival, since travellers in deserts, mountains and long roads depended on a stranger's door. It grew into a moral code, taught by religions and honoured in sayings and stories, such as Abraham's welcome to the angels or the Greek rule of xenia. Today it also shows the household's character, and a good host is admired. It builds trust between families, between neighbours and between peoples who have never met. A guest, in turn, is expected to be gracious and to give thanks, and sometimes to bring a gift.
Common elements across cultures
The welcome has steps: a greeting at the door, the removal of shoes in many places, a seat of honour, drink and food offered at once, and conversation before any business. The host often refuses payment and presses more food on the guest, while the guest may decline once or twice before accepting. Gifts, such as sweets, flowers or fruit, are exchanged. Many cultures protect the guest for the duration of a visit, and some require that the host walks the guest out and stays until he is out of sight.
Food, dress and music
The first offering is usually something to drink: coffee with cardamom, tea, water, yoghurt drink or a small glass of spirits. Sweets and fruit follow, then a meal, and the host will often prepare more than the guests can eat. Dress for a guest ranges from the formal to a garland of flowers. Music may be a song of welcome, a pipe, a group dance or a hum of conversation. Gifts of food, particularly sweets, dates and wine, are exchanged on arrival, and a doggy bag of leftovers is often sent home with the guest.
How it is changing
Smaller homes, busy lives and restaurants mean fewer open-house evenings in many cities, but the habits persist in other forms: the dinner invitation, the potluck and the neighbourhood tea. Travel has created new hospitality, as home-stay networks, couch-surfing and communal meals bring strangers into homes. Tourism boards in many countries promote welcome traditions, from the Georgian supra to Saudi coffee. Many people also find the old rules a comfort, an anchor in a quicker world, and teach them to their children as part of the family heritage.
Hospitality and welcome around the world
🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates
Majlis, a sitting room where guests are received, is central to Emirati hospitality, with coffee, dates and incense. The host stays and serves, and the whole family joins on feast days.
Read: Majlis🇮🇳 India
"Atithi Devo Bhava", the guest is god, is a saying from the Taittiriya Upanishad that still shapes the Indian welcome. A guest is offered water, tea and food at once, and is rarely allowed to leave hungry.
Read: Atithi Devo Bhava🇳🇵 Nepal
Guests are garlanded, given a tika on the forehead and offered tea, rice and dal. The host serves the meal and encourages second helpings.
Tika, being written🇯🇵 Japan
Omotenashi is the wholehearted, anticipatory care of a guest, from the tea ceremony to the ryokan, where every detail is prepared before it is asked for. Shoes are left at the door and slippers are offered.
Omotenashi, being written🇰🇿 Kazakhstan
A guest is seated opposite the door in the place of honour and is given tea and a dish of boiled meat, beshbarmak, with the head of the sheep offered to the most honoured. Guests who arrive unexpectedly are welcome.
Read: BeshbarmakTraditions to start with
Arabic coffeeThe cardamom coffee of welcome.
Habesha coffee ceremonyA long ritual of friendship.
PōwhiriThe Maori welcome.
Bread and saltThe Slavic welcome.
TaarofIranian politeness.Also part of it, and being written: Supra (The Georgian feast.), Omotenashi (Japanese hospitality.), Kava culture (The Fijian kava gift.).
Questions people ask
Is it rude to refuse food or drink?
In many cultures refusing the first offer is expected, but repeated refusal can seem unfriendly. A small taste or a sip is a polite compromise.
Should I bring a gift?
Usually yes, something small: sweets, fruit, flowers or a regional product. In Muslim homes avoid alcohol, and in Chinese homes avoid clocks and white flowers.
Why do hosts insist on more food?
It shows generosity and care, and a full plate is a sign that the guest is well treated. A guest may leave a little food to signal that he has had enough, in some cultures.
Do I take off my shoes?
In many places, including much of Asia, the Middle East and parts of Europe, yes. Look for shoes at the door and follow the household.
How do I thank my host?
A sincere word of thanks, a compliment about the meal and a later message or invitation in return are universal courtesies, and in some cultures a small gift on leaving.
About this page
Written by the EveryParampara desk with AI assistance. Customs differ from place to place and family to family. If this is your tradition and we have it wrong, tell us.
Hospitality and welcome on EveryParampara
The traditions written up so far, best known first.
RegionSouth AsiaSoutheast AsiaEast AsiaCentral Asia and the CaucasusMiddle EastNorth AfricaSub-Saharan AfricaEuropeNorth AmericaLatin America and the CaribbeanOceania
🇮🇱 Jerusalem, IsraelSukkotסוכות
A seven-day autumn Jewish festival of temporary booths, harvest prayers and hospitalitySpiritual
🇨🇳 China and 5 moreMid-Autumn Festival中秋節
An annual harvest festival celebrating family reunions, full moons and mooncakesFestival · Sweets given and shared
🇮🇪 Ireland and 1 moreImbolcLá Fhéile Bríde
A Gaelic festival heralding spring and honoring Saint Brigid with woven rush crossesSeasonal · Feasts and festival meals
🇪🇸 Spain and 5 moreSt John's Eve
Bonfires, feasting and worship on the short night before John the Baptist's feastSpiritual
🇧🇪 Belgium and 5 moreSaint Nicholas Day
The feast day of Saint Nicholas, kept in Advent with gifts, shoes and church servicesSpiritual
🇲🇳 Mongolia and 2 moreTsagaan SarЦагаан сар
The Mongolian Lunar New Year festival of peace, elders, white foods and renewalSeasonal · Feasts and festival meals
🇱🇻 Riga, Latvia and 4 moreJāņi
An annual Latvian summer solstice celebration of bonfires, singing and woven wreathsFestival
🇦🇿 AzerbaijanNovruzNovruz Bayramı
The Azerbaijani spring equinox festival of bonfires, sweets and sprouted wheatSeasonal · Feasts and festival meals
🇲🇽 Mexico and 7 moreLas Posadas
A nine-night Christmas pageant remembering Mary and Joseph seeking shelterSpiritual · Feasts and festival meals
🇮🇩 IndonesiaGalungan
A Balinese Hindu festival welcoming ancestral spirits and honouring good over evilSpiritual
🇮🇳 Guwahati, IndiaBohag Bihu
A multi-day Assamese New Year festival of cattle rites, music, gifts and feastsSeasonal · Feasts and festival meals
🇺🇿 Bukhara, UzbekistanNavruzNavroʻz
The spring equinox festival celebrated across Uzbekistan with sumalak and family visits.Seasonal · Sweets given and shared
🇲🇾 Malaysia and 1 moreGawai DayakAri Gawai
An annual harvest and thanksgiving festival of the Dayak peoples in BorneoSeasonal
🇮🇷 Ashtian, Iran and 5 moreSamanuسمنو
A sweet sprouted-wheat paste stirred through the night for NowruzTable custom · Sweets given and shared
🇷🇺 Moscow, Russia and 5 moreNovy GodНовый Год
A secular winter celebration of decorated trees, family feasts and midnight giftsFestival · Feasts and festival meals
🇳🇴 Norway and 2 moreJulebord
A Scandinavian Christmas banquet of traditional dishes, festive drinks and celebrationTable custom · Feasts and festival meals
🇮🇪 Ireland and 1 moreSamhain
A Gaelic festival marking the start of winter with bonfires and ancestor feastsSeasonal · Feasts and festival meals
🇻🇳 VietnamTếtTết Nguyên Đán
The Vietnamese festival of the lunar new year, welcoming spring with family gatheringsFestival · Feasts and festival meals
🇸🇪 Sweden and 2 moreGlögg
A spiced, warm winter wine served across Nordic countries around ChristmasTable custom · Tea, coffee and drinking ceremonies
🇵🇱 Kraków, Poland and 5 moreTurońTuroń (Polish), Turoň (Slovak)
A shaggy horned beast led from house to house by carol singers at carnival timeFolklore
🇲🇦 Morocco and 1 moreTweezaتويزة
A North African tradition of communal voluntary work, mutual aid and shared harvestsCeremony · Dinner
🇨🇦 Toronto, CanadaRamadan in Canada
A month of fasting, prayer and shared evening meals, kept by Muslims across CanadaSpiritual · Fasting and breaking the fast
🇸🇪 Sweden and 2 moreSaint Knut's DayTjugondag Knut
A Nordic holiday marking the twentieth and final day of Christmas each JanuarySeasonal · Sweets given and shared
Photo credits on this page
The small pictures above come from Wikimedia Commons under free licences. Some are cropped to fit.
- Imbolc: Culnacreann, CC BY 3.0, source
- St John's Eve: Jules Breton, Public domain, source
- Tsagaan Sar: User:Chinneeb, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
- Mid-Autumn Festival: Shizhao, CC BY-SA 2.5, source
- Jāņi: Heinrihsons, CC BY-SA 2.0, source
- Novruz: Abutalub, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
- Las Posadas: Yavidaxiu, CC BY 3.0, source
- Galungan: Davidelit, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
- Navruz: dalbera, CC BY 2.0, source
- Sukkot: Zachi Evenor, CC BY 2.0, source
- Gawai Dayak: Zahirulnukman, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
- Novy God: Евгений Самарин, CC BY 4.0, source
- Julebord: Holger.Ellgaard, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
- Samhain: Daniel Maclise, Public domain, source
- Tết: vi:Lưu Ly, Public domain, source
- Glögg: Mr.choppers, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
- Bohag Bihu: Diganta Talukdar, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
- Saint Nicholas Day: Chmee2, CC BY 3.0, source
- Arabic coffee: Canbel, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
- Pōwhiri: Governor General of New Zealand, CC BY 4.0, source
- Habesha coffee ceremony: sameffron, CC BY-SA 2.0, source
- Korovai: Olli Niemitalo, CC0, source
- Taarof: Oxlaey, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
- Samanu: Myone63, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
- Turoń: Museum: The Seweryn Udziela Ethnographic Museum in Kraków, CC0, source
- Tweeza: Demeester, CC BY-SA 3.0, source